Buddhistiskt helvete tempel
This famous Buddhist temple, dating from the 8th and 9th centuries, is located in central Java. It was built in three tiers: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental stupa. The walls and balustrades are decorated with fine low reliefs, covering a total surface area of 2, m 2.
Around the circular platforms are 72 openwork stupas, each containing a statue of the Buddha. Il est construit sur trois niveaux : une base pyramidale comprenant cinq terrasses carrées concentriques, surmontée d'un tronc de cône trois plate-formes circulaires et couronnée d'un stupa monumental.
Borobudur Temple Compounds
Les murs et les balustrades sont ornés de bas-reliefs couvrant une surface totale de 2 m2. Bordant les plate-formes circulaires, 72 stupas ajourés abritent autant de statues du Bouddha. Su edificio comprende tres niveles: una base piramidal con cinco terrazas cuadradas concéntricas; una parte central en forma de cono truncado con tres plataformas circulares; y un remate formado por una estupa monumental.
Las paredes y las balaustradas están ornamentadas con bajorrelieves que cubren una superficie total de 2. En torno a las plataformas circulares hay 72 estupas ahuecadas con otras tantas estatuas de Buda.
Vad du behöver veta när du besöker ett buddhistiskt tempel i Sri Lanka?
Deze beroemde boeddhistische tempel uit de 8ste en 9de eeuw, ligt in het centrum van Java. Het tempelcomplex werd gebouwd op drie niveaus: een piramidale voet met vijf concentrische vierkante terrassen, de stam van een kegel met drie ronde platforms en aan de top een monumentale stoepa. De muren en balustrades zijn versierd met fijne, lage reliëfs en beslaan een totale oppervlakte van 2.
Rondom de ronde platformen zijn 72 opengewerkte stoepa's, die elk een standbeeld van Boeddha bevatten. Source: unesco. The Borobudur Temple Compounds is one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world, and was built in the 8th and 9th centuries AD during the reign of the Syailendra Dynasty. The monument is located in the Kedu Valley, in the southern part of Central Java, at the centre of the island of Java, Indonesia.
The main temple is a stupa built in three tiers around a hill which was a natural centre: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental stupa. The vertical division of Borobudur Temple into base, body, and superstructure perfectly accords with the conception of the Universe in Buddhist cosmology.
It is believed that the universe is divided into three superimposing spheres, kamadhatu, rupadhatu , and arupadhatu , representing respectively the sphere of desires where we are bound to our desires, the sphere of forms where we abandon our desires but are still bound to name and form, and the sphere of formlessness where there is no longer either name or form. At Borobudur Temple, the kamadhatu is represented by the base, the rupadhatu by the five square terraces, and the arupadhatu by the three circular platforms as well as the big stupa.
The whole structure shows a unique blending of the very central ideas of ancestor worship, related to the idea of a terraced mountain, combined with the Buddhist concept of attaining Nirvana. The Temple should also be seen as an outstanding dynastic monument of the Syailendra Dynasty that ruled Java for around five centuries until the 10th century. The Borobudur Temple Compounds consists of three monuments: namely the Borobudur Temple and two smaller temples situatued to the east on a straight axis to Borobudur.
The two temples are Mendut Temple, whose depiction of Buddha is represented by a formidable monolith accompanied by two Bodhisattvas, and Pawon Temple, a smaller temple whose inner space does not reveal which deity might have been the object of worship. Those three monuments represent phases in the attainment of Nirvana. The temple was used as a Buddhist temple from its construction until sometime between the 10th and 15th centuries when it was abandoned.
Since its re-discovery in the 19th century and restoration in the 20th century, it has been brought back into a Buddhist archaeological site.
Buddhistiske templer i Danmark
Criteri on i : Borobudur Temple Compounds with its stepped, unroofed pyramid consisting of ten superimposing terraces, crowned by a large bell-shaped dome is a harmonious marriage of stupas, temple and mountain that is a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture and monumental arts. Criterion vi : Laid out in the form of a lotus, the sacred flower of Buddha, Borobudur Temple Compounds is an exceptional reflection of a blending of the very central idea of indigenous ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of attaining Nirvana.
The ten mounting terraces of the entire structure correspond to the successive stages that the Bodhisattva has to achieve before attaining to Buddhahood. The boundaries contain the three temples that include the imaginary axis between them. Although the visual links are no longer open, the dynamic function between the three monuments, Borobudur Temple, Mendut Temple, and Pawon Temple is maintained.
The main threat to the ensemble is from development that could compromise the extraordinary relationship between the main monument and its wider setting and could also affect the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. The approach to the property has to a degree already been compromised by weak developmental regulations. There is a growing rate of deterioration of the building stone, the cause of which needs further research.